Prof. Matikeev has created several original historical maps included in this book. These maps illustrate the “Great Kyrgyz Empire” (circa 5600 BCE or earlier), the distribution of Kyrgyz tribes during the “Oguz Khagan” epoch (209–220 4 BCE), the era of Attila (434–453 BCE), the Manas epoch (7th– 8th and 9th–10th centuries), the Russian colonial period (18th–19th centuries), the Soviet era (20th century), and modern Kyrgyz history. These visual aids trace the evolution of the Kyrgyz nation, from its struggles for independence to the cultural resilience that emerged from pivotal historical events. The book also highlights lesser-known Kyrgyz empires, exploring their physical and geographical characteristics.